مؤشر حالة الرصف لتقييم وإعادة تأهيل الطرق
مقال في مؤتمر علمي

إن شبكات الطرق لها تأثير على اقتصاد ونهضة البلدان لذلك تسعى الجهات الحكومية والاقتصادية للحفاظ على الطرق وحمايتها من التدهور والمحافظة أيضا على معايير جودة وسلامة الطرق.و نظرا لتعرض الطرق الى العديد من الاضرار التي تسبب في إنقاص عمرها الافتراضي, لذلك من المهم تقييم حالة الطريق والتنبؤ بمستوى التدهور الذي قد يصل اليه مستقبلا. ويمكن الحفاظ على الطريق في صورة مرضية خلال العمر التصميمي له بالصيانة الدورية في وقتها وإذا لم تتم الصيانة أو في حالة تأخرها ستؤدي الي زيادة تدهور الطرق وزيادة تكاليف الصيانة الذي قد تصل زيادتها الى 3 أضعاف لأنها قد تتحول من صيانة وقائية الى إصلاح وإعادة التأهيل. لذلك اجريت العديد من الدراسات لمساعدة متخدي القرار في اختيار المكان والتوقيت المناسب من خلال جمع البيانات عن الاضرار التي تظهر بالرصف مع مرور الوقت وتحويلها من مساحات واطوال واعماق متفرقة الى قيمة واحدة (مؤشر) معبرة عن حالة الرصف. وهناك الكثير من المؤشرات المستخدمة للتقيم تتفاوت في منهجيتها ومن اهمها مؤشر حالة الرصف. وتهدف هذه الدراسة الي استعراض اهم ما جاء في الدراسات السابقة الخاصة بتقييم حالة الرصف باستخدام مؤشر حالة الرصف وذلك لابقاء الرصف في حالة جيدة و لتجنب التكاليف الباهضة الناتجة عن اهمال الصيانة  وتحديد أولويات ونوع وتوقيت الصيانة للطرق واحتياجاتها المستقبلية لتوفير الامن والراحة والسلامة المرورية لمستخدمي الطريق. 


اسماعيل قودان علي نايل، رجاء عبدالغني أعقيل، (10-2025)، المؤتمر العاشر لمواد البناء والهندسة الانشائية: جامعة سرت، 392-399

A Review of the Superpave Performance Grade Classification System for Asphalt Binders by Temperature
Journal Article

Asphalt roads are one of the most important elements of infrastructure in any country, as they play a vital role in achieving comprehensive development and economic growth. They provide safe and reliable means of transportation for citizens and companies, which develops trade, contributes to the development of industry, and expands the investment base. In addition, asphalt roads contribute to enhancing tourism and developing the infrastructure of cities and rural areas. Therefore, it is necessary to invest heavily in the construction and maintenance of asphalt roads to ensure economic growth and social stability.The Superpave system is an important development in the field of paving, as it contributes to improving the design of hot asphalt mixes and evaluating the performance of paving facilities. This system relies on precise standards to evaluate the quality of asphalt mixes, which leads to improving the durability of the pavement and its efficiency in withstanding different traffic loads. This system is also the result of field and laboratory research and studies included in the Strategic Highway Research Program in the United States of America. Due to the importance of this system, we present this study to examine previous studies on the classification of asphalt binders in the high-performance asphalt paving system (Superpave) and to identify the significance of classifying the binder in this system.

Asmaiel Kodan Ali Naiel, Jaafir Omar Deerh, Hassan Awaidat Salem, (06-2025), Academic Journal of Science and Technology,: الأكاديمية الليبية, 5 (1), 253-260

Mitigating Resonant Vibration via Compressor Base Frame redesign at Souq Al-Khamis Cement Factory, Libya (Part II)
Journal Article

Resonance occurs when the operating frequency of a system aligns with its natural frequency, resulting in amplified vibration amplitudes. To prevent potential damage and ensure optimal performance of a compressor's base frame at Souq Al-Khamis Cement Factory, researchers found the resonance in has been occurred when both the natural frequencies and rotating frequency were overlapped. Resonant Vibration in the base frames arises when the rotating vibration frequency aligns with the frame’s natural modes that leads to structural instability, fault unplanned shutdowns and production losses. This study analyzes resonant vibration in a cement factory compressor base frame and proposes a redesign using finite element methods to mitigate this issue. Four distinct modifications were made to the base frame on its shape, weight and boundary conditions: the first introduces fixed points to enhance rigidity, the second adds supports for increased stability, the third incorporates elements to improve durability, and the fourth enhances the thickness of the compressor. The results indicate that the redesigned configuration most effectively mitigates resonance and improves the system's natural frequency response.

Osama Amhammeed Altaher Hassin, Mostafa H Essuri Abobaker, (05-2025), Academy journal for Basic and Applied Sciences (AJBAS): الأكاديمية الليبية, 7 (1), 1-5

Comprehensive Analytical Study of Structural Reclamation in Aging Flexible Pavement
Journal Article

The progressive deterioration of flexible pavements, driven by increasing traffic loads, environmental influences, and material aging, necessitates the implementation of effective structural reclamation strategies to restore functional performance and extend service life. This study focuses on a critical segment of the Libyan coastal road network, specifically the 27.5 km part from Tripoli Street Bridge to Al-Krarim Gate. An analytical and quantitative investigation is undertaken to evaluate the structural condition and rehabilitation potential of the existing flexible pavement system, with particular attention to distress mechanisms, material degradation, and the effectiveness of various rehabilitation techniques. The assessment integrates field investigations, laboratory testing, based on AASHTO 1993, and to evaluate pavement distress, base soil strength, and asphalt concrete layers performance; Pavement Condition Index (PCI) values and core sample analyses are employed to determine the extent of structural failure. Visual distress surveys supplement the data to provide a comprehensive understanding of surface and sub-surface conditions. Analytical modeling, based on layered elastic theory is used to simulate pavement response under rehabilitated conditions and forecast long-term performance under loading. The study examines several rehabilitation methods, including full-depth reclamation (FDR), cold in-place recycling (CIR), and mechanical stabilization using cementitious additives. Each method is evaluated based on structural capacity enhancement, cost-efficiency, and service life extension. Results demonstrate that the selection of reclamation techniques tailored to subgrade conditions and traffic loads significantly improves structural performance and minimizes maintenance needs. The study concludes that full-depth repaving offers the most sustainable and economically viable solution for restoring the targeted roadway section.


Mohamed Ali Milad karm Salem, Abdalla Ali Agwila, Abdelbaset M. Traplsi, (05-2025), Journal of Alasmarya University: Applied Sciences: Journal of Alasmarya University: Applied Sciences, 2 (10), 118-134

Analytic Modeling to Study the Insolation Heat Gain of Semi Insulated Building in Hot Climate
Journal Article

Countries located in temperate, hot and arid climates, such as Libya, face the critical need to cool houses whose internal temperatures rise due to these climatic conditions. This can be achieved by employing proper insulation techniques to prevent heat gain from solar radiation (insolation). This paper addresses the impact of not implementing thermal insulation for the roof of a building, in contrast to other external parts of the structure. The temperature distribution in a single-story building was studied using finite element analysis (FEA), along with how the building absorbs heat from its surroundings during a sunny day. The thermal analysis was conducted on a 3D concrete building with walls made of concrete masonry blocks, a floor height of 3.20 meters, and a total area of 40 square meters, using ANSYS 2020 R2 software. The building model includes thermal insulation for the external envelope, but the roof and openings remain uninsulated (as is often the case with home insulation practices in Libya). The finite element method is widely used due to its high effectiveness in simulation and achieving accurate results. The analysis results demonstrated the heat distribution gained from insolation, as well as variations in the rates of heat transfer from the building's exterior to its interior. The findings showed that neglecting the thermal insulation of the roof and window openings leads to an approximate 70% increase in the building's internal temperature. Furthermore, the results clearly indicated that insulating the building's walls alone is insufficient to prevent overheating. This provides a sufficient understanding of the prioritization required in applying insulation layers for buildings located in hot climates.

Mohamed Ali Milad karm Salem, (05-2025), Academy journal for Basic and Applied Sciences (AJBAS): Academy journal for Basic and Applied Sciences (AJBAS), 1 (7), 1-5

Study to produce a material for rehabilitation of concrete structure using local material
مقال في مجلة علمية

Abstract

Most concrete buildings face many different conditions that allow cracks to grow in concrete structural elements, causing deviations in the main stresses of the design sections that negatively affect the life of these structures. Therefore, it is necessary to focus on the restoration, strengthening, repair, strengthening and rehabilitation of these damaged concrete buildings because of the historical, cultural or functional value that these concrete structures represent that meet the needs of the contemporary infrastructure of society and to find appropriate solutions to ensure their safety and serviceability in addition to increasing their strength and solidity and extending their life. This study included the development of a cement material that uses locally sourced components in addition to steel fibers and some chemical additives to produce a material that reduces the various challenges associated with this task. The results were successful, in addition to the fact that the study opened other research horizons in this aspect to increase research on the best and most appropriate effective and sustainable solutions. In this study, a set of laboratory tests were conducted that were relied upon for the research, and included testing the basic materials: cement, fine sand, water, super plasticizer additives, and silica dust, and performing a compressive strength test on regular concrete samples and samples of cement mixtures improved by adding steel fibers, the super plasticizer, and silica dust. Based on the results obtained, the study presents the possibility of obtaining an improved cement mixture that can be used in rehabilitating concrete structures and structures. The study also included some recommendations that can be used to further develop the improved cement mixture using a group of additives present within the Libyan state.

محمد عاشور علي عيواز، (05-2025)، مجلة كلية طرابلس للعلوم والتقنية: مجلة كلية طرابلس للعلوم والتقنية، 12 (1)، 1-13

Laboratory study to evacuate the mechanical properties of different concrete mixes under the effect of hat climate (desert)
مقال في مجلة علمية

Abstract

Concrete is the main material for implementing concrete buildings and infrastructure projects in most regions of the world. During the past years, it has witnessed a great development that contributed to the construction of concrete buildings of various types ]1[ . Despite the development witnessed by the stages of concrete manufacturing, there are still some problems facing the stages of its implementation. This research reviews the study of the effect of hot climate (desert) on the mechanical properties of concrete mixtures, which included of compressive strength, indirect tensile strength and bending strength by doing laboratory tests were conducted on ordinary concrete with comparison with the test results of improved concrete added to silica fume and superplasticizers during (0, 45, 90) daily thermal cycles. The study used ratio of additives in the normal mix (cement: aggregate: sand: water) is (1: 2.5: 2: 0.55) % of the cement weight and the ratio of additives in the improved mix (cement: aggregate: sand: water: Sika Fume: superplasticizers) is (1: 2.2: 1.3: 0.22: 0.1: 0.18) % of the cement weight. After the mixing process, the samples were immersed in water for 28 days and then placed in electric ovens for (45, 90) thermal cycles. Then, the compressive strength test, indirect tensile strength test and flexural strength test were conducted for the normal mix and improved mix samples. The compressive strength of the improved concrete recorded much better values than the compressive strength values of the normal concrete during all stages of the thermal cycles. Also the results of indirect tensile strength reflected a significant advantage for the improved concrete over the normal concrete during all stages of the daily thermal cycles. Moreover the test results rapture stress showed that the improved concrete has better resistance to bending comparing with the bending resistance of normal concrete during the daily thermal cycles. The process of adding improved materials to the concrete mix reflected achieving amazing properties by developing the concrete’s behavior in resisting loads and hot climatic conditions. 

محمد عاشور علي عيواز، (04-2025)، مجلة الاكاديمية للعلوم الأساسية والتطبيقية: الأكاديمية الليبية، 10 (2)، 1-14

An experimental study to evaluate the effect of the ratio of plastic optical fiber on the compressive strength and light transmittance of concrete
مقال في مجلة علمية

Abstract

In light of the increasing need to enhance the performance of construction materials, traditional concrete poses several challenges, including low tensile strength, limited aesthetic qualities, and poor interaction with environmental factors such as natural lighting. With the advancement of construction technologies and growing interest in sustainability and innovative architectural design, translucent concrete reinforced with optical fibers has emerged as a modern solution that combines structural durability with light transmittance. This fusion enhances both the functional and aesthetic aspects of conventional concrete. This study aims to investigate the effect of adding plastic optical fibers (PMMA) on the compressive strength and light transmittance of concrete mixes. Three concrete mixtures were prepared using PMMA optical fibers at proportions (0% ,7.2% and 14.4%) of the cement weight, serving as a partial replacement for coarse aggregates. These were compared with a conventional reference mix. Additionally, the fiber layout was altered to an interlaced distribution pattern to enhance load and stress transfer within the matrix—not only light conduction. Compressive strength and light transmittance tests were conducted to evaluate the performance of each mix. The results indicated that the incorporation of optical fibers significantly improved light transmittance, with higher fiber content resulting in greater translucency. This feature supports the use of natural lighting in interior spaces and reduces dependency on artificial lighting. From a mechanical perspective, the mix containing 7.2% optical fibers showed an increase of 4.02% in compressive strength compared to the reference mix, indicating that a moderate fiber concentration can improve internal cohesion. However, the mix with 14.4% fiber content experienced a 39.35% reduction in compressive strength due to fiber clustering, which led to segregation and void formation within the concrete structure. The study concludes that translucent concrete reinforced with optical fibers represents an effective balance between mechanical performance and aesthetic functionality. It is a promising material for modern civil engineering applications, especially in structures where visual appeal and energy efficiency are prioritized. The research recommends further refinement of fiber distribution techniques to avoid segregation and to fully exploit the properties of optical fibers. Furthermore, this innovative concrete type holds great potential for advanced architectural and structural applications such as interior partitions and building façades, contributing to energy-efficient, sustainable, and visually compelling built environments.

محمد عاشور علي عيواز، (04-2025)، مجلة الحاضرة: مجلة الحاضرة للعلوم الإنسانية والتطبيقية، 7 (2)، 1-12

A study to Improve the Rigidity of Beam-to-Column Connections in Reinforced Concrete Frames for Residential Buildings
Journal Article

Abstract:

The construction of residential buildings in the state of Libya has become increasingly expensive, necessitating cost-effective design solutions. Structural engineers play a critical role in reducing construction costs while ensuring safety and efficiency. One approach to achieving an optimal design is minimizing the dimensions of structural elements ,a critical factor influencing structural performance and economy is the rigidity of beam-to-column connections, which significantly affects deformations and then internal forces. According to beam bending theory, bending moments and shear forces are directly proportional to deformation. Therefore, reducing primary curvature leads to a decrease in design moments, allowing for more economical structural sections. This study investigates the impact of considering partial rigidity in beam-to-column connections within reinforced concrete (RC) frame, particularly for single-story buildings. In conventional structural design, connections are often assumed to be either fully rigid or fully pinned, neglecting partial rigidity effects. This oversimplified modeling approach results in overdesign and increased material consumption, deviating from sustainability principles. The research use SAP2000 structural analysis software to assess various degrees of connection rigidity and their influence on member deformation. The findings indicate that incorporating realistic connection rigidity can reduce beam deformation by up to 20% (at 0.7 rigidity) , leading to smaller and more cost-effective frame sections. Furthermore, common construction methods in the state of Libya inherently provide a certain degree of rigidity at beam-to-column interfaces, yet current design practices often overlook this advantage. This study underscores the importance of optimizing beam-to-column connection rigidety to enhance structural performance, reduce material usage, and align with sustainable design principles. The findings contribute to improving cost efficiency in RC frame construction, providing valuable insights for engineers seeking to optimize structural design in residential buildings

Keywords:Beam-to-Column,Connection, Sustainability, Optimum Design , Rigidety


Mohamed Ali Milad karm Salem, (03-2025), International Science and Technology Journal: International Science and Technology Journal, 36 (1), 1-13

Saving utility costs optimization in generator operation planning based on scalable alternatives of probabilistic demand-side management
Journal Article

The electric power system network has become more self-sufficient and less dependent on fossil fuel-based units due to the increasing integration of renewable energy resources. It is crucial to have an efficient method or technology for managing the system’s economics, security, reliability,  environmental damage, and the un- certainties that come with fluctuating loads. In this context, this paper utilizes a framework based on probabi- listic simulation of a demand-side management approach and computational intelligence to calculate the optimal value of saving utility cost (SUC). Unlike traditional methods that dispatch peak-clipped resource blocks sequentially, a modified artificial bee colony (MABC) algorithm is employed. The SUC is then reported through a sequential valley-filling procedure. Consequently, the SUC is derived from the overall profitability of the gen- eration system and includes savings in energy costs, capacity costs, and expected cycle costs. Further investi- gation to obtain the optimal value of SUC was conducted by comparing the SUC determined directly and indirectly, explicitly referring to the peak clipping energy of thermal units (PCETU). The comparisons utilized the MABC algorithm and a standard artificial bee colony, and the results were verified using the modified IEEE RTS- 79 with varying peak load demands. The findings illustrate that the proposed method demonstrated robustness in determining the global optimal values of SUC increments, achieving increases of 7.26 % for 2850 MW and 5 % for 3000 MW, compared to indirect estimation based on PCETU. Moreover, SUC increments of 18.13 % and 25.47 % were also achieved over the conventional method.


Daw Saleh Sasi Mohammed, Muhammad Murtadha Othman, Olatunji Obalowu Mohammed, Masoud Ahmadipour, Mohammad Lutfi Othman, (03-2025), Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments: Elsevier, 75 (32767), 1-11