The main goal of this study (which the comprehensive reservoir study for Libyan X Field plan of development) is to predict future performance of a reservoir and find ways and means of optimizing the recovery of some of the hydrocarbon under various operating conditions. The simulator results show the reservoir pressure history curve is matching to the stimulation curve, this gives a good indication of the input data that has been entered to the model. The driving mechanism for all those reservoirs it comes from three natural forces, which are fluid expansion, PV compressibility, and water influx. The best method to choose as secondary recovery for this oil field is water and gas Injection. Water and gas Injection have the largest Total Field Recovery. Water and gas Injection have the highest Reservoir Pressure at the end of the project. The highest percentage of oil recovery was when the water and gas were injected and it reached 58%, then when the water was injected and it reached 55%, and then when the gas was actually injected and it reached 54%. The field pressure rise was greater when water and gas were injected, and the pressure reached 792 psi, while it was less when only water was injected, reaching 435.5 psi, and when only gas was injected, it reached 412.9 psi. Finally, central objective of this master thesis with the help of reservoir simulation fulfilled to produce future prediction that will lead to optimize reservoir performance which meant reservoir developed in the manner that brings utmost benefit to the commercial business.

Identifying the driving mechanism and PVT analysis is important for optimizing reservoir development plans through primary, secondary, or tertiary recovery methods. Also, determining the size of an aquifer (based on its response to pressure support) provides a means of calibrating known physics against production data, which once calibrated can be used for prediction. In this paper, the types of natural drivers of the reservoir were estimated and compared using a program called MBAL after matching production history data with model results. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the basic driving mechanisms and PVT analysis using MBAL software for Intisar D field. The final project results can be seen matching the real data of the reservoir with the program results using MBAL software. The simulation results show that the reservoir pressure history curve matches the stimulation curve, and this gives a good indication of the input data fed into the model. The driving mechanism for all these tanks comes from three natural forces, namely fluid expansion, compression, and water flow. It started with the expansion of the fluid from 0 to 0.60, with the compressibility from 0.60 to 0.89, and with the flow of water from 0.89 to 1 is the flow of water.

This study provides a comprehensive evaluation of the compliance of key Libyan government websites with the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.2, the latest international standard for digital accessibility published in October 2023. The assessment focuses on the nine new success criteria introduced in WCAG 2.2, which aim to improve accessibility for users with low vision, cognitive, and motor disabilities. By conducting thorough automated and manual testing, this research identifies the specific strengths and weaknesses of the evaluated websites in meeting WCAG 2.2 requirements at the A, AA, and AAA levels. The findings reveal significant areas for improvement across the government's online presence and provide actionable recommendations for Libyan institutions to enhance their digital accessibility efforts and create a more inclusive online environment for all citizens. KEYWORDS: digital accessibility, web accessibility, compliance, Libyan government websites

A type of EOR, secondary production includes water flooding and gas injection. Normally, gas is injected into the gas cap and water is injected into the production zone to sweep oil from the reservoir. A pressure-maintenance program can begin during the primary recovery stage, but it is a form of enhanced recovery. The main purpose of this report is to investigate the effect of the reservoir rock compressibility on oil recovery factor during gas injection. The problem statement of this study is firstly, as the reservoir oil and gas production under primary conditions, causes the reservoir pressure to decline. Secondly, A gas injection is required to re-energize or “re-pressurize" the reservoir. The main objective of this project is to investigate the effect of the reservoir fluid densities on oil recovery factor during gas injection. By using ECLIPES Software, we model the data and find out the best prediction of gas injection that is suitable for the available field data. It is proven that the optimum oil production is by injection a high amount of injection rate. The highest increase in percentage of the total gas production is when an injection of 54 MMSCF is 0.58 %. The higher the compressibility value of the rock, will give the higher the rate of oil and gas production. The relationship between oil rate, gas rate, pressure, and oil recovery factor are directing the compressibility of rocks is a direct relationship.

Daily incidents significantly impact the workflow of ambulance and healthcare personnel, whose critical role involves providing immediate medical treatment and facilitating transportation to hospitals. This study presents the design of a medical expert system aimed at enhancing first-aid response in ambulances and educating users on fundamental first-aid principles. The proposed system integrates a comprehensive knowledge base that catalogs disease symptoms and corresponding treatments, functioning similarly to a medical professional's guidance. While the system relies on pre-programmed symptoms, it allows for the continuous addition of new symptoms and diseases, ensuring adaptability in emergencies. This expert system is particularly beneficial for novice healthcare providers, equipping them with reliable diagnostic support and improving patient outcomes during medical emergencies.

This paper investigates the resonance phenomenon and modal characteristics of a screw air compressor base frame in the cement manufacturing industry. Numerical analysis and data comparison techniques were used to identify and analyze the resonance issue in a specific compressor at Souq Al-Khamis Cement Factory. The research begins by studying the natural frequencies and mode shapes of the compressor base frame through Finite Element Method (FEM) using the ANSYS Workbench. Practical measurements are conducted using the PHYPHOX App Vibration Analyzer to obtain vibration data from the compressor. The findings of this study contribute to understanding the resonance phenomenon in screw air compressors and provide valuable insights for improving the design and maintenance of compressor base frames in the cement manufacturing industry. By identifying the relationship between excitation frequencies and natural frequencies, measures can be taken to mitigate resonance-related vibration problems and ensure the reliable operation of cement production equipment.

Blades are the very important components of wind turbines in order to convert wind energy to mechanical or electrical energy. Therefore, the aerodynamic forces acting on the horizontal wind turbine blades have an important role in their performance. The objective of this paper is to investigate the aerodynamic characteristics and power generation properties for a NREL PHASE VI wind turbine blade. For this purpose, an analysis procedure based on the Blade Element Method (BEM) is demonstrated for a horizontal-axis wind turbine model (HAWT), and the methodology approach is discussed in detail throughout this paper. In this study, a Math Lab code has been developed for analyzing a model of Horizontal-Axis Wind Turbine (HAWT) in order to display aerodynamic behaviour on the blade. The NACA S809 airfoil was selected for the analysis of the wind turbine blade, where the tip and root losses proposed by Prandtl are also executed. The calculated results are validated using Q-Blade commercial software at rated wind speed of 10 m/s and show that the BEM is a good method of aerodynamic investigation of a HAWT blade

Abstract::

The growing urgency for sustainable construction practices has necessitated a reevaluation of traditional design approaches in favor of more environmentally responsible methodologies. This paper presents a comparative analysis between optimal and adequate structural design within the context of sustainable construction. Focusing on two case studies—a cutting-edge, sustainably designed commercial building (the Bullitt Center) and a conventional mid-rise residential building in Chicago—the research explores how different design philosophies impact material efficiency, environmental footprint, economic performance, and occupant satisfaction.Through detailed life cycle assessments (LCA) and life cycle energy analyses (LCEA), the study quantifies the advantages of optimal design, which integrates advanced materials, renewable energy systems, and water conservation technologies. The findings demonstrate that while optimal design requires a higher initial investment, it significantly reduces long-term operational costs and environmental impact, achieving a net-zero energy status and greatly improving occupant well-being. In contrast, the conventional building, which adheres to standard design practices, exhibits higher embodied energy, greater environmental degradation, and lower occupant satisfaction.The paper concludes that optimal structural design is not only more sustainable but also economically viable over the building's life span. It emphasizes the importance of integrating sustainability from the earliest stages of design to achieve meaningful environmental and economic benefits. The study calls for the adoption of policy incentives and advanced modeling tools to facilitate the widespread implementation of optimal design principles in the construction industry.

Abstract

Blades are the very important components of wind turbines in order to convert wind energy to mechanical or

electrical energy. Therefore, the aerodynamic forces acting on the horizontal wind turbine blades have an important role in

their performance. The objective of this paper is to investigate the aerodynamic characteristics and power generation

properties for a NREL PHASE VI wind turbine blade. For this purpose, an analysis procedure based on the Blade Element

Method (BEM) is demonstrated for a horizontal-axis wind turbine model (HAWT), and the methodology approach is discussed

in detail throughout this paper. In this study, a Math Lab code has been developed for analyzing a model of Horizontal-Axis

Wind Turbine (HAWT) in order to display aerodynamic behaviour on the blade. The NACA S809 airfoil was selected for the

analysis of the wind turbine blade, where the tip and root losses proposed by Prandtl are also executed. The calculated results

are validated using Q-Blade commercial software at rated wind speed of 10 m/s and show that the BEM is a good method of

aerodynamic investigation of a HAWT blade

Abstract

This investigation examines the performance of tension and compression connections in steel beam-column assemblies and concrete slabs, with a particular focus on end-plate joints employing four bolts. By utilising advanced finite element modelling (FEM) and simulation techniques, the study aims to elucidate the behaviour of these joints under both service and extraordinary load conditions. While these connections exhibit favourable flexibility and resilience during typical use, they present challenges in transmitting exceptional loads without incurring joint failure and potential structural collapse, particularly when subjected to unexpected loading scenarios. The research employs a meticulous analytical approach utilising ABAQUS/CAD software. This analysis incorporates a comprehensive evaluation of various parameters, including inherent structural imperfections, material properties, the interplay between steel and concrete, and the influence of non-linear material behaviour. The findings indicate that while these joints perform adequately under standard loading conditions, they may exhibit susceptibility to failure under extreme stresses. This underscores the critical need for the development of adaptable and robust steel beam-column connections to ensure paramount structural safety and stability. Furthermore, the study emphasises the significance of continuous advancements in modelling and simulation techniques, enabling the effective resolution of intricate structural challenges. This investigation offers valuable insights that can be harnessed to develop more efficient and secure composite steel-concrete structures. Furthermore, the study emphasises the significance of continuous advancements in modelling and simulation techniques, which can be employed to mitigate potential structural hazards and enhance building practices, ultimately leading to safer and more resilient structures. © 2024 by authors, all rights reserved.

Author keywords

ABAQUS/CADComposite JointsDurabilityEnd Plate ConnectionsExceptional LoadsFlexibilitySimulation

• ISSN: 23321091
• Source Type: Journal
• Original language: English
• DOI: 10.13189/cea.2024.120437
• Document Type: Article
• Publisher: Horizon Research Publishing

  Saleh, B.; Department of Civil Engineering, School of Science Engineering, Libyan Academy, State of Libya

© Copyright 2024 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.