This paper presents a synthesizing design of a linear antenna array by adapting the Schelkunoff method. The idea behind this type of design is to produce nulls in radiation pattern of a structure without any notable effects on the main lobe. This design has been undertaken around 9 GHz, where both theoretical and simulation results are achieved and will be the target of this work. X-band searching radar system is considered where sing

The aim of this work was to establish a temperature of finish rolling stage of Nb/Ti microalloyed steel containing 0.06 wt.% C, 0.77 wt.% Mn, 0.039 wt.% Nb and 0.015 wt.% Ti, using physical simulation. Samples were subjected to laboratory simulation at a twist plastometer at high temperatures, i.e. between 825 and 950 °C. Five pass deformation and interpass times were selected in accordance with a processing parameters at five stand finishing hot strip mill. Restoration (recovery and/or recrystallization) behavior was evaluated by calculation of Fraction Softening (FS) and Area Softening Parameter (ASP) values. At 950 °C all individual pass stress-strain curves, FS and ASP show full recrystallization in all interpass intervals. On the other hand, with a decrease in temperature to the interval of 875-825 °C, the extent of restoration is decreasing, leading to recovery as a sole softening mechanism at 825 °C, which was confirmed by the stress-strain curve shape, and values of FS and ASP. It is assumed that, due to high supersaturation, strain-induced precipitation promoted pinning of grain and subgrain boundaries and suppressed recrystallization. Therefore, the critical temperature for finish rolling was estimated to be 825 °C.

Shaping of the conductor or any of the other parts of the patch radiators plays important role in changing the working parameters of this type of antennas. In this work Annular, shape has been introduced on the conductor patch. Different dimensions have been introduced on the annular geometry and with a help of a simulation package obtained results are dependable on for application in microwave frequency ranging from 2.5 GHz to 5 GHz. Encouraging values of Bandwidth have been obtained with reasonable output of return loss

This paper presents the design and simulation of a microstrip array patch antenna operating at 28 GHz for 5G communication with a maximum reflection coefficient of -17 dB, a very wide bandwidth of 1.5 GHz and a high gain of 6.84 dB. A Roger RT5880, which has a dielectric constant of 2.2 and a height of 0.2 mm has been used as a transmission line with an inset feed. Antenna dimensions were calculated and simulated results have been performed and analyzed using CST Microwave Studio Package. Moreover, linear array with 3x1 and 5x1, to provide better gain to reach 13 dB and reducing the mutual effect, was developed using decoupling simple slab techniques.

This research presents patch antenna design that enhances its performance to work in 5G band with: sufficient bandwidth, acceptable insertion loss level and effective gain value. A selective procedure for finding suitable patch height has been undertaken. Parallel to this a technique of inserting appropriate Rectangular back holes in substrate has been also made. A simulation program using recent version of the well-known HFSS has been used for obtaining best of results. Sufficient bandwidth values in the range of (27 - 29.39)GHz with return loss range( -15dB - -33dB) have been obtained with acceptable gain value.

The security of the communication channels has become a hot research topic for the 5G due to the tremendous advancements in wireless communications over the past two decades, including the recent emergence of the fifth generation (5G) in mobile wireless communications, which is anticipated to support extremely large user connections and exponentially increase the wireless services. This paper describes a new approach to the problem of interception of wireless communication channels between the legitimate users. Physical Layer Security PLS is new topic enhancing the secrecy performance of a Single-input-multiple-output (SIMO) system for wireless communication from one base-station equipped by single transmitting antenna to many users equipped by multiple receiving antennas each. The receiving beamforming techniques “with a perfect channel CSI is assumed”, such as Maximum Ratio Combining MRC and Equal Gain Combining EGC is utilized in order to achieve the perfect secure receiving for the legitimate users. A downlink transmission of Multiple-input-Single-output (MISO) has been designed ‘Basestation’ equipped by multiple transmitting antennas and users (legitimate and Eavesdropper) with single receiving antenna can focus the information signal in the direction of the intended/information user while minimizing the signal's quality as received by an eavesdropper. The technique of Artificial Noise AN is also researched in addition to beamforming. The secrecy rate performance measured as Bit-error-ratio BER vs SNR in SIMO system model implemented with the receiving beamforming schemes MRC and EGC suggested that the MRC is considered as an optimal receive beamforming diversity technique in order to achieve a best secrecy rate of transmitted signal and as it was compared to secrecy rate performance resulted from MISO system model

Yagi-Uda antennas are known to be difficult to design and optimize due to their sensitivity at high gain, and the inclusion of numerous parasitic elements. There are various patch antennas used for Wi-Fi and Wi-MAX applications, but with high gain and directionality are requirement. Generally number of directors is raised to increase gain of these antennas. But, here we present modified designs of Yagi-Uda antennas, in which the directivity, gain and bandwidth can be enhanced by different techniques. In this paper initially discuss a design of a conventional Yagi-Uda antenna with four uniform directors is undertaken and uniform spacing between them. Results show that, the proposed techniques would enhance the directivity, gain as well as bandwidth when compared with the first design of Conventional Yagi-uda antenna. Finally, it can be said that the proposed design is suitable for Wi-Fi and Wi-MAX antennas with opertating frequency range starting from 2.45 GHz.

LPG cylinders are a type of pressure vessel that requires extreme care to store pressurized gas. This study addresses the determination and prediction of burst pressure (BP) and burst failure location in liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) fuel tanks using both experimental and finite element analysis (FEA) approaches. Experimental burst test studies were conducted hydrostatically and water was applied to the interior of the cylinder. A detailed finite element analysis of LPG cylinders is performed with the ABAQUS software and these analyses help to predict the burst pressure of the LPG cylinder when an internal load acts on it. Therefore, the burst pressure results were predicted and compared to experimental ones.

Municipal solid wastes in Tripoli are the residues from the daily consumption of population and made of food residues, yard residues, plastic bags, papers, textile, leather, rubber, wood, tin/aluminum cans, iron, glass, sand/dirt etc. One strategy of Municipal solid waste management is refuse derived fuel (RDF) It is designed to divert combustible fractions from municipal solid wastes (MSW) to produce fuel and then to be used as substitution or supplementary energy. In this regard, RDF utilization can be considered as CDM and conforms to Kyoto Protocol. In this study Dulong formula is used to calculate higher heating value and lower Heating Value of Refuse derived fuel (RDF).The results of HHV and LHV are obtained. The higher heating value, HHV=8.530628MJ/Kg, and the lower heating value, 8.00MJ/Kg respectively for Tripoli Municipal Solid Waste based on data obtained from Sidi Assayeh landfill in 2015.