Yagi-Uda antennas are known to be difficult to design and optimize due to their sensitivity at high gain, and the inclusion of numerous parasitic elements. There are various patch antennas used for Wi-Fi and Wi-MAX applications, but with high gain and directionality are requirement. Generally number of directors is raised to increase gain of these antennas. But, here we present modified designs of Yagi-Uda antennas, in which the directivity, gain and bandwidth can be enhanced by different techniques. In this paper initially discuss a design of a conventional Yagi-Uda antenna with four uniform directors is undertaken and uniform spacing between them. Results show that, the proposed techniques would enhance the directivity, gain as well as bandwidth when compared with the first design of Conventional Yagi-uda antenna. Finally, it can be said that the proposed design is suitable for Wi-Fi and Wi-MAX antennas with opertating frequency range starting from 2.45 GHz.

Pressure vessels are an important part of the industrial world and therefore hold a special interest from mechanical engineers. The main objective of using the pressure vessels are used as containers to contain many of materials such as: liquids, air, gases, chemical compounds and fuel. In this study, a horizontal pressure vessel holding 10 m3 of pressurized Liquid Propane Gas (LPG) is designed, modeled, simulated and analyzed by following the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) standard for the design

LPG cylinders are a type of pressure vessel that requires extreme care to store pressurized gas. This study addresses the determination and prediction of burst pressure (BP) and burst failure location in liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) fuel tanks using both experimental and finite element analysis (FEA) approaches. Experimental burst test studies were conducted hydrostatically and water was applied to the interior of the cylinder. A detailed finite element analysis of LPG cylinders is performed with the ABAQUS software and these analyses help to predict the burst pressure of the LPG cylinder when an internal load acts on it. Therefore, the burst pressure results were predicted and compared to experimental ones.

Municipal solid wastes in Tripoli are the residues from the daily consumption of population and made of food residues, yard residues, plastic bags, papers, textile, leather, rubber, wood, tin/aluminum cans, iron, glass, sand/dirt etc. One strategy of Municipal solid waste management is refuse derived fuel (RDF) It is designed to divert combustible fractions from municipal solid wastes (MSW) to produce fuel and then to be used as substitution or supplementary energy. In this regard, RDF utilization can be considered as CDM and conforms to Kyoto Protocol. In this study Dulong formula is used to calculate higher heating value and lower Heating Value of Refuse derived fuel (RDF).The results of HHV and LHV are obtained. The higher heating value, HHV=8.530628MJ/Kg, and the lower heating value, 8.00MJ/Kg respectively for Tripoli Municipal Solid Waste based on data obtained from Sidi Assayeh landfill in 2015.

Automobiles of today must constantly change their speeds in reaction to changing road and traffic circumstances as the pace and density of road traffic increases. In sophisticated automobiles, the Anti-lock Braking System (ABS) is a vehicle safety system that enhances the vehicle's stability and steering capabilities by varying the torque to maintain the slip ratio at a safe level. This paper analyzes the performance of classical control, model reference adaptive control (MRAC), and intelligent control for controlling the (ABS). The ABS controller's goal is to keep the wheel slip ratio, which includes nonlinearities, parametric uncertainties, and disturbances as close to an optimal slip value as possible. This will decrease the stopping distance and guarantee safe vehicle operation during braking. A Bang-bang controller, PID, PID based Model Reference Adaptive Control (PID-MRAD), Fuzzy Logic Control (FLC), and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) controller are used to control the vehicle model. The car was tested on a dry asphalt and ice road with only straight-line braking. Based on slip ratio, vehicle speed, angular velocity, and stopping time, comparisons are performed between all control strategies. To analyze braking characteristics, the simulation changes the road surface condition, vehicle weight, and control methods. The simulation results revealed that our objectives were met. The simulation results clearly show that the ANFIS provides more flexibility and improves system-tracking precision in control action compared to the Bang-bang, PID, PID-MRAC, and FLC.

In the life of oil production can defined into three steps, primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary recovery can include natural mechanisms such as rock expansion, gas cap, and solution gas, secondary recovery that use injection water or gas to maintenance reservoir pressure, enhanced oil recovery (tertiary recovery) that include injection special materials that is chemicals fluids, gas injection, and polymer injection. In this research use done Arabic gum as polymer flooding by using Gaberoun Water Leak & distillate water as soluble material and to make a comparison between two different water, use done three scenarios of the Arabic gum concentration, the first scenario Arabic gum with a concentration of 1%wt, the second scenario Arabic gum with concentration 3%wt and the third scenario with 5%wt. Imbibition test done used for this study by using Sandstone core samples aged in oil for a long time period reach about 3 weeks, the results of Recovery is obtained in oven temperature from 30℃ to 70℃. The oil recovery results are not very good as oil recovery by using Gaberoun Water Leak without any change on sandstone core samples, in this research reach to about 65, 62, and to 74 for 1wt%, 3wt% and 5wt% Arabic gum with Gaberoun Water Leak.

Antennas play very important role in the performance and consistency of any wireless communication system. In this work we have design, investigate, and optimize the various parameters as well as the bandwidth of a multi-band microstrip antenna using different positions of slot patch and defected ground plane structures (DGS) techniques. A Roger RT/ duroid 5880 substrate with dielectric constant 2.2, and ground plane with an area of 80mm×90mm have been chosen for operation at three different frequency bands centered at (2.30-2.7) GHz, (4.0-4.7) GHz and (5.2-5.8) GHz. The operation scope of the proposed structures is intended to work for WLAN, IMT (International mobile telecommunications) and WiMAX applications. Ansoft-High Frequency Structured Simulation package (Ansoft-HFSS) has been used as realization software of the proposed antennas.

In first stage of each microwave receiver there is Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) circuit, and this stage has important rule in minimizing the system noise figure, provide enough gain with sufficient linearity, and assure a stable 50 Ω input impedance at a low power consumption. The design of a LNA in Radio Frequency/Microwave (RF/MW) circuit requires the trade-off many importance characteristics such as gain, Noise Figure (NF), stability, power consumption and complexity. This situation Forces the designers to make choices in the design of RF circuits. In this paper the aim is to design and simulate a LNA circuit with high gain and low noise using E-pHEMT MGA665P8 transistor for frequency of 4 GHz. The amplifier is manually designed using conventional technique, Smith chart was used to do a matching of the input and output of the amplifier. The matching network was designed with microstrip lines and it’s single-stub with minimum lengths. A completed design of amplifier was optimized using Hewlett- Packard Advanced Design System (HP-ADS) software. A single stage LNA has successfully designed with 21.032 dB forward gain and 0.697 dB noise figure and working stably in the desired frequency.