LPG cylinders are a type of pressure vessel that requires extreme care to store pressurized gas. This study addresses the determination and prediction of burst pressure (BP) and burst failure location in liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) fuel tanks using both experimental and finite element analysis (FEA) approaches. Experimental burst test studies were conducted hydrostatically and water was applied to the interior of the cylinder. A detailed finite element analysis of LPG cylinders is performed with the ABAQUS software and these analyses help to predict the burst pressure of the LPG cylinder when an internal load acts on it. Therefore, the burst pressure results were predicted and compared to experimental ones.

Automobiles of today must constantly change their speeds in reaction to changing road and traffic circumstances as the pace and density of road traffic increases. In sophisticated automobiles, the Anti-lock Braking System (ABS) is a vehicle safety system that enhances the vehicle's stability and steering capabilities by varying the torque to maintain the slip ratio at a safe level. This paper analyzes the performance of classical control, model reference adaptive control (MRAC), and intelligent control for controlling the (ABS). The ABS controller's goal is to keep the wheel slip ratio, which includes nonlinearities, parametric uncertainties, and disturbances as close to an optimal slip value as possible. This will decrease the stopping distance and guarantee safe vehicle operation during braking. A Bang-bang controller, PID, PID based Model Reference Adaptive Control (PID-MRAD), Fuzzy Logic Control (FLC), and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) controller are used to control the vehicle model. The car was tested on a dry asphalt and ice road with only straight-line braking. Based on slip ratio, vehicle speed, angular velocity, and stopping time, comparisons are performed between all control strategies. To analyze braking characteristics, the simulation changes the road surface condition, vehicle weight, and control methods. The simulation results revealed that our objectives were met. The simulation results clearly show that the ANFIS provides more flexibility and improves system-tracking precision in control action compared to the Bang-bang, PID, PID-MRAC, and FLC.

In the life of oil production can defined into three steps, primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary recovery can include natural mechanisms such as rock expansion, gas cap, and solution gas, secondary recovery that use injection water or gas to maintenance reservoir pressure, enhanced oil recovery (tertiary recovery) that include injection special materials that is chemicals fluids, gas injection, and polymer injection. In this research use done Arabic gum as polymer flooding by using Gaberoun Water Leak & distillate water as soluble material and to make a comparison between two different water, use done three scenarios of the Arabic gum concentration, the first scenario Arabic gum with a concentration of 1%wt, the second scenario Arabic gum with concentration 3%wt and the third scenario with 5%wt. Imbibition test done used for this study by using Sandstone core samples aged in oil for a long time period reach about 3 weeks, the results of Recovery is obtained in oven temperature from 30℃ to 70℃. The oil recovery results are not very good as oil recovery by using Gaberoun Water Leak without any change on sandstone core samples, in this research reach to about 65, 62, and to 74 for 1wt%, 3wt% and 5wt% Arabic gum with Gaberoun Water Leak.

Antennas play very important role in the performance and consistency of any wireless communication system. In this work we have design, investigate, and optimize the various parameters as well as the bandwidth of a multi-band microstrip antenna using different positions of slot patch and defected ground plane structures (DGS) techniques. A Roger RT/ duroid 5880 substrate with dielectric constant 2.2, and ground plane with an area of 80mm×90mm have been chosen for operation at three different frequency bands centered at (2.30-2.7) GHz, (4.0-4.7) GHz and (5.2-5.8) GHz. The operation scope of the proposed structures is intended to work for WLAN, IMT (International mobile telecommunications) and WiMAX applications. Ansoft-High Frequency Structured Simulation package (Ansoft-HFSS) has been used as realization software of the proposed antennas.

In first stage of each microwave receiver there is Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) circuit, and this stage has important rule in minimizing the system noise figure, provide enough gain with sufficient linearity, and assure a stable 50 Ω input impedance at a low power consumption. The design of a LNA in Radio Frequency/Microwave (RF/MW) circuit requires the trade-off many importance characteristics such as gain, Noise Figure (NF), stability, power consumption and complexity. This situation Forces the designers to make choices in the design of RF circuits. In this paper the aim is to design and simulate a LNA circuit with high gain and low noise using E-pHEMT MGA665P8 transistor for frequency of 4 GHz. The amplifier is manually designed using conventional technique, Smith chart was used to do a matching of the input and output of the amplifier. The matching network was designed with microstrip lines and it’s single-stub with minimum lengths. A completed design of amplifier was optimized using Hewlett- Packard Advanced Design System (HP-ADS) software. A single stage LNA has successfully designed with 21.032 dB forward gain and 0.697 dB noise figure and working stably in the desired frequency.

This paper aims to design, modeling and manufacturing a prototype composite winding machine used to produce corrugated composite tubes. Seven different types of tubes can be produced: Radial Corrugated Tube (RCT), Radial Corrugated Surrounded by Cylindrical Tube (RCSCT), Cylindrical Tube (CT), Tangential Corrugated Tube (TCT), Tangential Corrugated Surrounded by Cylindrical Tube (TCSCT), Combined Radial and Tangential Corrugated Tube (CRTCT), and Combined Radial and Tangential Corrugated Surrounded by Cylindrical Tube (CRTCSCT). All types can be produced with different size. Although it is designed mainly for composites, however, paper, and thin sheet of metallic materials can be used as raw material too. Different fiber forms can be used such as knitted, woven roving, continuous filament, or chopped mat of glass or carbon fiber. Corrugation profile can be changed to any required shape such as sinusoidal, triangular, square, rectangular, trapezoidal, or combination of any two or more profiles. The machine uses a special technique utilizing a mandrel that can be driven manually as well as automatically. A prototype of a designed machine have been manufactured, and tested. Two different samples of prospected products have been produced successfully.

Abstract

Tall structures and towers have captivated humans for thousands of years, and so they are a fact of modern life in cities for a variety of reasons. However, the most challenging design problem is meeting operational performance requirements and maintaining occupant comfort. Not only are the site energy costs high, the attendant environmental consequences of using non-renewable energy sources are great. This fact prompted searchers and designers to advance and fully embrace green and environmentally friendly design. One of the key goals of the green building movement and technique is to reduce the material, constructional, and operational costs of buildings. This goal can be accomplished by drawing on the synergies

between building geometry, material usage, and the local climate demands. Architect Ken Yeang, in his famous book The Green Skyscraper, suggests that in different climate zones, they should be arranged in different locations to reduce the yearly energy consumption of the building. But Yeang’s claim of the structural system parameters have clear implications for structural performance since buildings with asymmetric distribution of stiffness are known to be susceptible to damaging torsional modes of vibration when subjected to wind or earthquake loading. Thus, this study performs thermal and structural analysis to address the implications of different footprints and core placements on energy and structural performance. The results demonstrate that to accomplish Yeang's claim, a supplementary lateral load resistance system is needed, which demands additional structural material. As a result, buildings with an asymmetric distribution of stiffness are the most expensive, which has a negative impact on the building's

environmental and economic aspects.

The fuel burnup examination is vital to improve the operating of nuclear reactors safely and economically and it is essential information in the safety analysis report. This study focuses on determination of the percentage of the fuel burnup of the Tajoura Nuclear Research Centre (TNRC)'s reactor. All macroscopic cross sections as a function of fuel burnup were obtained by the WIMS-ANL code. The core calculations are generated by using REBUS-PC in order to evaluate the core effective multiplication factorkeff and fuel burnup at the end of the fuel cycle. The results of the fuel burnup show that that the maximum percentage of the burnup is 33 %. Moreover, the average fuel burnup percentage in the core is 31.5 % which leads to reload the core with fresh fuel or shuffling the fuel. In addition, There is an obvious agreement between the current results of all control rods worth and the experimental measurements.